The modern era of neuromodulation began in the early 1960s, first with deep brain stimulation which was soon followed (in 1967) by spinal cord stimulation, both for otherwise intractable pain.
The modern era of neuromodulation began in the early 1960s, first with deep brain stimulation which was soon followed (in 1967) by spinal cord stimulation, both for otherwise intractable pain.
The gradual realization that pain was the result of complex dynamic processes in the nervous system and not simply the result of activity in a hard-wired system was greatly enhanced by the publication of the Gate Theory in 1965. As damage to the nervous system can itself cause chronic pain, there began a gradual move away from destructive surgical treatments such as cutting nerves and towards reversible, modulatory treatments.
The International Neuromodulation Society defines therapeutic neuromodulation as “the alteration of nerve activity through targeted delivery of a stimulus, such as electrical stimulation or chemical agents, to specific neurological sites in the body.” In appropriate patients, this growing class of therapies, in common use since the 1980s, can help restore function or relieve symptoms that have a neurological basis.
The mechanism of PNFS in the treatment of chronic migraine